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1.Contexts: Damien Meade: A History of Fear by Geraint Evans (2012)

 

1. Brief Description of the Context

Damien Meade: A History of Fear is an article written by art critic Geraint Evans, published in Turps Banana Magazine in 2012.
The text begins with a recollection of Evans’ childhood memory of a disturbing scene from the horror film Dead of Night, where a ventriloquist’s dummy is violently destroyed. This leads into a discussion of the concepts of the uncanny and bodily alienation, focusing on the British artist Damien Meade’s paintings.
Meade’s works, created using clay, tape, and wire to sculpt human-like heads and fragmented body parts, construct an unsettling aesthetic space between life and death, materiality and illusion, organic vitality and inevitable decay.

Evans draws on theoretical frameworks from Freud, Kristeva, and Bataille to deeply analyze how Meade’s works explore the fragile thresholds between existence and non-existence, and how they expose cultural mechanisms of repressing the reality of death.

 

2. Analysis of the Context

Evans points out that Meade’s paintings evoke a sense of "intellectual uncertainty," wherein viewers, while recognizing the inert materiality of the clay figures, simultaneously feel drawn to the vivid, almost lifelike presence suggested by their surfaces.
This oscillation between still life and portraiture, between organic and inorganic, generates a profound experience of the uncanny.

Works such as Piri and  Foot repeatedly present fragmented, decaying, or mutilated body parts, suggesting the vulnerability and inevitable disintegration of life.
Particularly in the depiction of bodily openings—such as eyes, lips, and anus—Meade echoes Lacan’s and Stewart’s theories of “erogenous zones” as sites where the body’s borders become destabilized, offering a direct visual metaphor for existential crisis.

Evans emphasizes that Meade does not create horror for its own sake; rather, he enacts a symbolic defense against the trauma of death and corruption.
This strategy allows the work to confront mortality while simultaneously preserving a subtle, residual humanity.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Relation to My Research

Meade’s treatment of the blurred boundaries between life and death, bodily disintegration, and existential anxiety resonates profoundly with my current artistic practice.
In my work, monster figures often emerge as fragmented, deformed, and boundary-blurring entities, reflecting the struggle and fragility of individuals grappling with unstable self-perceptions, emotional turbulence, and existential uncertainty.
This approach closely parallels Meade’s evocation of fissures through dismembered limbs, decaying flesh, and obscured faces.

Moreover, Meade’s emphasis on materiality—the tactile qualities of clay and wire—inspires me to focus more on the narrative potential of “skin,” “wounds,” and “fissures” in my own paintings.
Drawing on Evans’ analysis, I have gained a clearer understanding of how localized depiction, material intensification, and visual dislocation can be employed to express internal states of anxiety, thus materializing personal emotional experiences such as vulnerability, loss of control, and solitude.

Furthermore, Evans’ point that creating terrifying imagery is a symbolic defensive strategy against trauma has deepened my understanding of my monster figures:
they are not a submission to fear, but an active emotional negotiation and a mechanism for psychic self-preservation.
This realization adds richer psychological and cultural critical dimensions to my research, aligning my exploration of monsters with broader theoretical discourses on abjection, existence, and the fragile construction of the self.

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DamienMeade_Foot_2009_edited.jpg

Foot,2009,Oil on linen,66.5 x 54.5 cm

Piri, 2011,Oil on linen on board,64.5 x 49 cm

2.Context: Julia Kristeva’s Powers of Horror (1982)

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1. Brief Description of the Context

Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection is an important theoretical work published in 1982 by French philosopher and psychoanalyst Julia Kristeva.
In this book, Kristeva introduces the concept of abjection, describing how, during the formation of subjectivity, individuals must expel certain elements (such as decaying corpses, bodily waste, bodily fissures) that threaten the coherence of the self.

Abjection is not merely a physiological reaction (such as disgust at the smell of decay), but a psychological boundary-defense mechanism that reveals the individual's anxiety about the distinctions between self and other, life and death, civilization and nature.
Kristeva argues that abjection exposes the most fragile and absurd aspects of the structure of existence: all constructions of civilization, identity, and order are fundamentally based on the repression of terrifying chaos.

 

2. Analysis of the Context

At the core of Kristeva’s theory of abjection lies the following:

  • The abject (such as corpses, excrement, or gaping wounds) are alien elements that the subject cannot fully assimilate into its reality;

  • These elements are frightening not because of their material nature, but because they disrupt the clear boundary between self and non-self;

  • Abjection, while appearing to expel, in fact reveals the inherent hollowness of the construction of subjectivity.

In Kristeva’s view, abjection represents a direct encounter with the absurdity of existence.
When confronted with corruption, bleeding, or fragmented bodies, it is not simply death that terrifies us, but the experience of the instability and nothingness underlying existence itself.

Thus, abjection is not merely a biological instinct but a hidden theme embedded in culture, religion, and art.
In artworks, depictions of monsters, corpses, or broken body boundaries awaken the experience of abjection, allowing viewers to access the chaotic instincts suppressed beneath the surface of civilization.

 

3. Relation to My Research

Kristeva’s theory of abjection has profoundly influenced my understanding of the exploration of monstrous imagery and bodily boundaries.
In my practice, monsters are not external others; rather, they are manifestations of my own internal fragility and chaos.
Those blurred, fragmented, and unfinished bodies, as described by Kristeva, remind us that the boundary of the self is always unstable, fragile, and ultimately absurd.

Especially when I depict cracks in the monster’s skin or blurred facial features, I realize that my creation is not intended to generate horror, but rather to confront the absurdity of existence — acknowledging that there is no absolute boundary between life and death, and that emotions, the body, and perception themselves are fluid and untamable.

Through the lens of abjection, I have come to further understand the psychological mechanism underlying the monstrous figure:

  • It is both an expelled alien and an integral part of the self;

  • It simultaneously provokes fear and embodies a desire for the unknown;

  • It forces the subject, through terror, to recognize the inherent limitations and transience of its own existence.

Thus, Kristeva’s theory not only provides profound philosophical support for my artistic practice, but also enables me to face my own creative process more candidly, accepting "life within chaos" as a fundamental theme.

My monstrous figures are no longer merely strange images; they have become visual responses to existential anxiety, bodily rupture, and the chaotic conditions of the inner self.

3.Contexts: Teresa PÄ…gowska’s Blurred Figures and Bodily Boundaries

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1. Brief Description

I first encountered the work of Teresa PÄ…gowska at Thaddaeus Ropac gallery in London. Her paintings often depict female bodies, but the forms are incomplete and the edges are blurred, as if they are dissolving into the canvas. She uses soft brushwork and muted tones to convey a deeply personal emotional atmosphere.

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2. Analysis

PÄ…gowska’s figures seem to emerge from memory or dreams. The body is often reduced to an outline, a posture, or a vague facial expression—something that feels only half-present. This lack of clarity is not a flaw, but a deliberate way to express feelings of quietness, fragility, and instability.

She often leaves large empty spaces on the canvas, allowing the body to float in a sort of undefined space. This emphasizes the tension between body and environment, and brings out a sense of emotional distance or disconnection in the figures.

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3. Relation to My Practice

Her work reminded me of the monster figures in my paintings. My monsters usually have no fixed form—their outlines shift and dissolve—reflecting emotional or psychological states rather than physical ones.

PÄ…gowska helped me understand that an incomplete or unclear body can actually better express complex inner feelings. Her approach encourages me to continue using fragmented and blurred imagery, and to express emotional uncertainty through a softer, more sensitive visual language.

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Untitled, 1966,Oil on canvas,146 x 130 cm 

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Magiczna grupa II (Magic group II), 1978
Acrylic on canvas,160 x 150 cm

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